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Article: Vertical instability in spondylolisthesis: A traction radiographic assessment technique and the principle of management

TitleVertical instability in spondylolisthesis: A traction radiographic assessment technique and the principle of management
Authors
KeywordsRadiograph
Spondylolisthesis
Traction
Vertical instability
Issue Date2003
PublisherLippincott, Williams & Wilkins. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.spinejournal.com
Citation
Spine, 2003, v. 28 n. 8, p. 819-827 How to Cite?
AbstractStudy Design. Lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine were taken of 40 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis. These radiographs were taken in the neutral, flexion, and extension positions for both erect and recumbent postures, and also in the prone and supine positions with traction applied via a traction table. Objectives. To define and demonstrate the presence of "vertical instability" in spondylolisthesis, and to determine the most useful radiographic views for clinical purposes and analysis of the surgical principle. Summary of Background Data. Lateral radiographs of patients in flexion and extension are widely used to obtain quantitative and qualitative data on lumbar spondylolisthesis. Changes in lumbar disc height and segmental translation in a group of patients with spondylolisthesis have been demonstrated with the addition of traction and compression. Methods. Lateral and flexion extension radiographs of the lumbosacral spine in 37 patients with spondylolisthesis taken in standing and recumbent positions and under pelvic traction in the prone or supine positions were suitable for analysis. The changes in disc area, intervertebral kyphotic slip angle, and amount of anteroposterior shift (olisthesis) were measured from the radiographs using a computer digitizer. The disc area was normalized against the area of the superior vertebra, and the amount of anteroposterior shift was normalized against the anteroposterior width of the superior vertebra. Inter- and intraobserver error was found to be negligible, and results were analyzed by paired t test. Results. Maximum slip angle, maximum olisthesis, and minimum normalized disc area were found with the subject under erect flexion. Conversely, prone traction and recumbent extension produced minimum slip angle, whereas the lowest anteroposterior shifts were seen with the subject under prone and supine traction. Prone traction also resulted in a significantly larger normalized disc area than any other posture. The change in kyphotic slip angle between erect flexion and prone traction is correlated with the change in normalized olisthesis and disc area. Conclusions. Erect flexion and prone traction radiographs represent the extremes of subluxation and reduction of the olisthesis, respectively, and the change in olisthesis seen between these extremes is correlated with the change in disc area and the intervertebral slip angle. Vertical laxity of the affected functional spinal unit resulting from disc degeneration produces laxity in the ligaments and disc anulus, allowing olisthetic motion. Restoration of disc height in turn restores tension to the soft tissues around the disc and results in a spontaneous reduction of the subluxation. Restoration and maintenance of disc height with a spacer or interbody fusion therefore is recommended as a goal in the treatment of spondylolisthesis. When spondylolytic spondylolisthesis involves a posterior column deficiency, additional reconstruction of this column with posterior instrumentation is recommended. Application of the traction radiographic technique in planning for spondylolisthesis reduction is discussed along with the technique of stabilization.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/79478
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 2.6
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.221
ISI Accession Number ID
References

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorLuk, KDKen_HK
dc.contributor.authorChow, DHKen_HK
dc.contributor.authorHolmes, Aen_HK
dc.date.accessioned2010-09-06T07:55:08Z-
dc.date.available2010-09-06T07:55:08Z-
dc.date.issued2003en_HK
dc.identifier.citationSpine, 2003, v. 28 n. 8, p. 819-827en_HK
dc.identifier.issn0362-2436en_HK
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/79478-
dc.description.abstractStudy Design. Lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine were taken of 40 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis. These radiographs were taken in the neutral, flexion, and extension positions for both erect and recumbent postures, and also in the prone and supine positions with traction applied via a traction table. Objectives. To define and demonstrate the presence of "vertical instability" in spondylolisthesis, and to determine the most useful radiographic views for clinical purposes and analysis of the surgical principle. Summary of Background Data. Lateral radiographs of patients in flexion and extension are widely used to obtain quantitative and qualitative data on lumbar spondylolisthesis. Changes in lumbar disc height and segmental translation in a group of patients with spondylolisthesis have been demonstrated with the addition of traction and compression. Methods. Lateral and flexion extension radiographs of the lumbosacral spine in 37 patients with spondylolisthesis taken in standing and recumbent positions and under pelvic traction in the prone or supine positions were suitable for analysis. The changes in disc area, intervertebral kyphotic slip angle, and amount of anteroposterior shift (olisthesis) were measured from the radiographs using a computer digitizer. The disc area was normalized against the area of the superior vertebra, and the amount of anteroposterior shift was normalized against the anteroposterior width of the superior vertebra. Inter- and intraobserver error was found to be negligible, and results were analyzed by paired t test. Results. Maximum slip angle, maximum olisthesis, and minimum normalized disc area were found with the subject under erect flexion. Conversely, prone traction and recumbent extension produced minimum slip angle, whereas the lowest anteroposterior shifts were seen with the subject under prone and supine traction. Prone traction also resulted in a significantly larger normalized disc area than any other posture. The change in kyphotic slip angle between erect flexion and prone traction is correlated with the change in normalized olisthesis and disc area. Conclusions. Erect flexion and prone traction radiographs represent the extremes of subluxation and reduction of the olisthesis, respectively, and the change in olisthesis seen between these extremes is correlated with the change in disc area and the intervertebral slip angle. Vertical laxity of the affected functional spinal unit resulting from disc degeneration produces laxity in the ligaments and disc anulus, allowing olisthetic motion. Restoration of disc height in turn restores tension to the soft tissues around the disc and results in a spontaneous reduction of the subluxation. Restoration and maintenance of disc height with a spacer or interbody fusion therefore is recommended as a goal in the treatment of spondylolisthesis. When spondylolytic spondylolisthesis involves a posterior column deficiency, additional reconstruction of this column with posterior instrumentation is recommended. Application of the traction radiographic technique in planning for spondylolisthesis reduction is discussed along with the technique of stabilization.en_HK
dc.languageengen_HK
dc.publisherLippincott, Williams & Wilkins. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.spinejournal.comen_HK
dc.relation.ispartofSpineen_HK
dc.subjectRadiographen_HK
dc.subjectSpondylolisthesisen_HK
dc.subjectTractionen_HK
dc.subjectVertical instabilityen_HK
dc.titleVertical instability in spondylolisthesis: A traction radiographic assessment technique and the principle of managementen_HK
dc.typeArticleen_HK
dc.identifier.openurlhttp://library.hku.hk:4550/resserv?sid=HKU:IR&issn=0887-9869&volume=28&issue=8&spage=819&epage=827&date=2003&atitle=Vertical+instability+in+spondylolisthesis+-+a+traction+radiographic+assessment+technique+and+the+principle+of+managementen_HK
dc.identifier.emailLuk, KDK:hcm21000@hku.hken_HK
dc.identifier.authorityLuk, KDK=rp00333en_HK
dc.description.naturelink_to_subscribed_fulltext-
dc.identifier.doi10.1097/00007632-200304150-00016en_HK
dc.identifier.pmid12698127en_HK
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-0037447322en_HK
dc.identifier.hkuros79409en_HK
dc.relation.referenceshttp://www.scopus.com/mlt/select.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037447322&selection=ref&src=s&origin=recordpageen_HK
dc.identifier.volume28en_HK
dc.identifier.issue8en_HK
dc.identifier.spage819en_HK
dc.identifier.epage827en_HK
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000182270000015-
dc.publisher.placeUnited Statesen_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridLuk, KDK=7201921573en_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridChow, DHK=7103203940en_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridHolmes, A=7401687268en_HK
dc.identifier.issnl0362-2436-

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