Impedance cardiography for atrioventricular interval optimization during permanent left ventricular pacing

Abstract

Left ventricular (LV) pacing is increasingly used in the management of congestive heart failure. Optimization of the atrioventricular (AV) interval is essential to maximize the hemodynamic benefits of this therapy. Although Doppler echocardiography (echo) is the most widely used method, it is time-consuming, expensive, and operator-dependent. We examined the value of an impedance cardiography (IC)-based method of cardiac output (CO) measurement to optimize the AV interval in 5 men and 1 woman (mean age = 72 ± 11 years) during permanent LV pacing with a 4.8 Fr unipolar coronary sinus pacing lead. Simultaneous measurements of CO by IC and echo were performed at AV intervals of 50, 80, 110, 150, 180, and 225 ms during DDD pacing at 85 beats/min. The optimal AV interval varied between 110 and 180 ms. In 5 of 6 patients (83%), the optimal AV interval by echo and IC was identical. While CO measurements were higher with IC than with echo (6.1 ± 0.4L/min vs 4.7 ± 0.3 L/min, P < 0.05), CO measurements by IC and echo were closely correlated r = 0.67, P < 0.001). In conclusion, our initial experience suggests that IC is a reliable method of AV interval optimization during LV pacing. IC and echo measurements of CO during LV pacing were closely correlated.