A method to quantitatively measure the elastic modulus of materials in nanometer scale using atomic force microscopy

Abstract

A method is proposed for quantitatively measuring the elastic modulus of materials using atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation. In this method, the cantilever deformation and the tip-sample interaction during the early loading portion are treated as two springs in series, and based on Sneddon's elastic contact solution, a new cantilever-tip property α is proposed which, together with the cantilever sensitivity A, can be measured from AFM tests on two reference materials with known elastic moduli. The measured α and A values specific to the tip and machine used can then be employed to accurately measure the elastic modulus of a third sample, assuming that the tip does not get significantly plastically deformed during the calibration procedure. AFM nanoindentation tests were performed on polypropylene (PP), fused quartz and acrylic samples to verify the validity of the proposed method. The cantilever-tip property and the cantilever sensitivity measured on PP and fused quartz were 0.514 GPa and 51.99 nm nA-1, respectively. Using these measured quantities, the elastic modulus of acrylic was measured to be 3.24 GPa, which agrees well with the value measured using conventional depth-sensing indentation in a commercial nanoindenter. © IOP Publishing Ltd.