Nonoperative thyroid ablation techniques for benign thyroid nodules

Abstract

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are promising forms of thermal ablation for the treatment of symptomatic benign thyroid nodules. This chapter describes the selection criteria and details of these two ablation techniques and evaluates their safety and efficacy. Clinical experience with HIFU for thyroid nodule management is limited, but it appears promising. RFA has a more established record of safe and effective treatment of benign thyroid nodules. While relatively early in their implementation, both techniques potentially could become mainstream alternatives to surgery for some patients.