Unusual Acetonitrile Adduct Formed via Photolysis of 4′-Chloro-2-Hydroxybiphenyl in Aqueous Solution

Abstract

In this work, 2,4′-dichlorobiphenyl (1) yielded 4′-chloro-2-hydroxybiphenyl (2) after photolysis in neutral acetonitrile aqueous (ACN–H2O) solutions. Ultrafast spectroscopic measurements and density functional theory (DFT) computations were performed for 2 in ACN and ACN–H2O (v/v, 1:1). These results were compared with previously published results for 2-hydroxybiphenyl (3). The counterparts 2 and 3 went through a singlet excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in ACN but behaved differently in ACN–H2O with a dehydrochlorination process occurring for 2 and an ESIPT taking place for 3. Computational results indicate that the phenol O–H bond elongates after photoexcitation to induce a concerted asynchronous process with the C–Cl bond increasing first followed by HCl elimination. A biradical intermediate (IM1) is then formed with some spin located at the phenyl 4′-C radical that appears to favor a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process and some spin located on phenoxyl that appears to prefer a subsequent •CH2CN radical rebound. The hydrogen bond promotes HCl elimination, while this is disfavored for ESIPT, making 4′-Cl extrusion the predominant process in ACN–H2O solutions. The mechanistic investigations have fundamental and significant implications for the understanding of polychlorinated biphenyl photolysis in an aqueous environment and hence the photodegradation of these kinds of pollutants in the natural environment.