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- Publisher Website: 10.1093/aje/kwab101
- Scopus: eid_2-s2.0-85117878496
- PMID: 33831173
- WOS: WOS:000743137100004
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Article: The causal interpretation of “overall vaccine effectiveness” in test-negative studies
Title | The causal interpretation of “overall vaccine effectiveness” in test-negative studies |
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Authors | |
Keywords | vaccine effectiveness causal inference test-negative design pooled estimates |
Issue Date | 2021 |
Publisher | Oxford University Press. The Journal's web site is located at http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/ |
Citation | American Journal of Epidemiology, 2021, Epub 2021-04-08 How to Cite? |
Abstract | Test-negative studies are commonly used to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE). In a typical study, an “overall VE” estimate may be reported based on data from the entire sample. However, there may be heterogeneity in VE, particularly by age. We therefore discuss the potential for a weighted average of age-specific VE estimates to provide a more meaningful measure of overall VE. We illustrate this perspective first using simulations to evaluate how overall VE would be biased when certain age groups are over-represented. We found unweighted overall VE estimates tended to be higher than weighted VE when children were over-represented and lower when elderly were over-represented. Then we extracted published estimates from the US Flu VE network, in which children are overrepresented, and some discrepancy between unweighted and weighted overall VE was observed. Differences in weighted versus unweighted overall VE could translate to substantial differences in the interpretation of individual risk reduction in vaccinated persons, and the total averted disease burden at the population level. Weighting overall estimates should be considered in VE studies in future. |
Persistent Identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/299284 |
ISSN | 2023 Impact Factor: 5.0 2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.837 |
ISI Accession Number ID |
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Feng, S | - |
dc.contributor.author | Sullivan, SG | - |
dc.contributor.author | Tchetgen Tchetgen, EJ | - |
dc.contributor.author | Cowling, BJ | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-10T06:59:37Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2021-05-10T06:59:37Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2021 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | American Journal of Epidemiology, 2021, Epub 2021-04-08 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 0002-9262 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/299284 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Test-negative studies are commonly used to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE). In a typical study, an “overall VE” estimate may be reported based on data from the entire sample. However, there may be heterogeneity in VE, particularly by age. We therefore discuss the potential for a weighted average of age-specific VE estimates to provide a more meaningful measure of overall VE. We illustrate this perspective first using simulations to evaluate how overall VE would be biased when certain age groups are over-represented. We found unweighted overall VE estimates tended to be higher than weighted VE when children were over-represented and lower when elderly were over-represented. Then we extracted published estimates from the US Flu VE network, in which children are overrepresented, and some discrepancy between unweighted and weighted overall VE was observed. Differences in weighted versus unweighted overall VE could translate to substantial differences in the interpretation of individual risk reduction in vaccinated persons, and the total averted disease burden at the population level. Weighting overall estimates should be considered in VE studies in future. | - |
dc.language | eng | - |
dc.publisher | Oxford University Press. The Journal's web site is located at http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/ | - |
dc.relation.ispartof | American Journal of Epidemiology | - |
dc.rights | Post-print: This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in [insert journal title] following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version [insert complete citation information here] is available online at: xxxxxxx [insert URL that the author will receive upon publication here]. | - |
dc.subject | vaccine effectiveness | - |
dc.subject | causal inference | - |
dc.subject | test-negative design | - |
dc.subject | pooled estimates | - |
dc.title | The causal interpretation of “overall vaccine effectiveness” in test-negative studies | - |
dc.type | Article | - |
dc.identifier.email | Feng, S: fengshuo@hku.hk | - |
dc.identifier.email | Cowling, BJ: bcowling@hku.hk | - |
dc.identifier.authority | Cowling, BJ=rp01326 | - |
dc.description.nature | link_to_subscribed_fulltext | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1093/aje/kwab101 | - |
dc.identifier.pmid | 33831173 | - |
dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-85117878496 | - |
dc.identifier.hkuros | 322386 | - |
dc.identifier.volume | Epub 2021-04-08 | - |
dc.identifier.isi | WOS:000743137100004 | - |
dc.publisher.place | United States | - |