An overview of dental caries-preventive approaches for children

Abstract

Dental caries is biofilm-induced acid demineralization of enamel and dentin, which is mediated by saliva. Given time, the interaction of cariogenic microorganisms and fermentable carbohydrates on the tooth surface may induce demineralization and progress to loss of tooth structure and cavitations. Despite the implementation of community water fluoridation and the widespread use of fluoride toothpastes, dental caries remains a significant problem in Hong Kong preschool children. Of great concern, dental caries is unequally distributed among the population and heavily concentrated in socially disadvantaged children, who are least likely to have adequate access to dental care. Dental caries in children is a preventable and reversible infectious disease process. In children, prevention improves their overall quality of life, reduces the cost of restorative treatment, and promotes a positive attitude towards oral health. The objective of the paper was to provide an overview of the effectiveness of various caries-preventive agents which can be applied to the teeth of children in Hong Kong. These include the use of chlorhexidine, xylitol, fluorides, fissure sealant, and remineralizing products. Increased emphasis on caries prevention by the dental profession could bring about more favorable oral health outcomes for children in Hong Kong.