A study on the effects of mass and velocity factor for the dynamic-explicit FEM in the upsetting process

Abstract

Currently, the numerical simulations of metal forming are developed rapidly and widely. In this investigation, a dynamic-explicit FEM code, LS-DYNA, is adopted. Attention on applications of the velocity and mass scaling techniques for the quasi-static upsetting process are modeled. With the differences being variations in the die and punch velocities, the material density, and the mesh type, their effects on the predicted load-reduction height are assessed. Through comparison with experiments, the numerical results have a same tendency as in test works. The influences of the velocity and mass factors are presented, the usage of these scaling factors at proper time also discussed.