An explicit hybrid-stabilized 9-node Lagrangian shell element

Abstract

This paper presents an explicit hybrid-stabilized 9-node Lagrangian shell element. In the formulation, the stress modes pertinent to the stabilization are contravariant in nature and their products with the displacement-derived covariant strain are explicit linear functions of the nodal geometric parameters. The element is particularly efficient because the leverage matrix or the stabilization vectors can be constructed without resorting to numerical integration or the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization. Accuracy of the element is promising and comparable to the state of the art γ-stabilized and hybrid elements. © 1994.