Optimizing the result of reconstruction of circumferential pharyngeal defects after tumor resection

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of circumferential hypopharyngeal defects is often challenging. The aim of the study is to examine the result of our experience and to formulate improved management guidelines. METHODS: Between 1980 and 2009, all patients who had circumferential pharyngectomy were recruited. Data were recorded prospectively for analysis. RESULTS: Two hundred and two patients were recruited. Majority had primary tumour in the hypopharynx (n = 165), and the remaining patients had recurrent laryngeal carcinoma. Radiotherapy was given pre-operatively in 72 patients and post-operatively in 108 patients. Pectoralis major (PM) flap was used in 92 (45.5%) patients, free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap in 24 (11.9%) patients and free jejuna flap in 86 (42.6%) patients. Early fistula rate was 23.9% in the PM flap group, 12.5% in the ALT group and 4.6% in the jejunum group. Late anastomotic stricture rate was 27.2% in the PM flap group, 12.5% in free ALT group and 2.3% in the jejunum group. Early fistula formation significantly increased the risk of subsequent anastomotic stricture (p = 0.023). In patients with no stricture, 61.9% of those in the jejunal group were able to resume solid diet, compared to 35.8 and 38.1% in the PM and ALT group. After PM flap harvesting, 34.8% of the chest wall defects could not be closed primarily, which were best repaired using the lateral thoracic flap. The donor site morbidity of ALT and jejunal flap was low. CONCLUSIONS: In suitable patients, free jejunal flap reconstruction of circumferential pharyngectomy defects achieves the best functional outcome with minimal donor site morbidity.