Histological Changes Following Surgically-Assisted Rapid Tooth Movement Through Resistance Reduction And Distraction Osteogenesis In Dogs

Abstract

Objective: To Investigate The Histological Changes Of Rapid Tooth Movement In Dogs Treated By Resistance Reduction And Distraction Osteogenesis, Aiming To Establish An Animal Model And Further To Reveal The Remodeling Mechanism Of Rapid Tooth Movement. Methods: A Total Of 8 Local Hybrid Dogs Were Selected As Subjects For This Study. The Second Pre-Molar Was Extracted On Both Sides. The Experimental Side Underwent Alvelor Surgery For Resistance Reduction And A Home-Made Tooth-Borne Intraoral Distraction Device Was Installed For Rapid Tooth Movement, While For The Other Side (Control Side) Only Tooth-Borne Intraoral Distraction Device Was Used For Rapid Tooth Movement. The Longest Active Force-Delivery Span Was 2 Weeks, Followed By 6-Week Retention. The Distance Between The Moved Tooth And Anchor Unit Was Recorded Weekly, And Radiography Was Performed For Each Side Before And After Distraction. The Surrounding Tissues Including Periodontal Ligament And Alveolar Bone Were Sectioned For Histological Analysis. Results: The Average Distance Of Tooth Movement Was 3.55 Mm On The Experimental Side And 1.11 Mm On The Control Side. The Rate Of Tooth Movement Was Notably Higher (P<0.01) And No Significant Apical Root Resorption Was Detected By X-Ray On The Experimental Side. The Active Alvelor Bone Remodeling Was Found On The Tension And Pressure Sides. However, There Was No Significant Difference Between The Experimental Side And The Control Side After The Retention Period. Conclusion: The Rate Of Orthodontic Tooth Movement Can Be Accelerated Through Resistance Reduction And Periodontal Distraction Without Any Unfavorable Effects But At Minimal Anchorage Loss.