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Article: Population study for γ-ray pulsars with the outer-gap model - III. Radiation characteristics and viewing geometry
Title | Population study for γ-ray pulsars with the outer-gap model - III. Radiation characteristics and viewing geometry | ||||
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Authors | |||||
Keywords | Gamma-rays: stars Methods: statistical Pulsars: general Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal Stars: neutron | ||||
Issue Date | 2011 | ||||
Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/mnras/ | ||||
Citation | Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society, 2011, v. 415 n. 2, p. 1827-1848 How to Cite? | ||||
Abstract | We have performed a Monte Carlo simulation of the Galactic population of pulsars and γ-ray observations. We apply a two-layer outer-gap model, which has been developed by Wang, Takata & Cheng, of the γ-ray emission process, and study the radiation characteristics as a function of the magnetic inclination angle (α) and the Earth viewing angle (ζ). In our model, the γ-ray flux and the spectral cut-off energy tend to decrease as the inclination and viewing angles deviate from 90°. The emerging spectrum above 100MeV becomes soft with a photon index p~ 1.8-2 for ζ→ 90○ and p~ 1.2-1.3 for ζ≪ 90°. Our simulation predicts that pulsars with larger inclination angles (α= 70-90°) and larger viewing angles (ζ= 70-90°) have been preferentially detected by the Fermiγ-ray telescope, and hence the observed pulse profiles of the γ-ray pulsars have a double-peak structure rather than a single-peak one. In the simulation, most γ-ray millisecond pulsars are categorized as radio-quiet γ-ray pulsars, because their radio fluxes are under the sensitivities of the major radio surveys. Even if we drastically increase the radio sensitivity by a factor of 10, the number of radio-selected millisecond pulsars detected by Fermi 10-year observations is still much lower than the expected number of γ-ray-selected millisecond pulsars, indicating that radio-quiet millisecond pulsars must contribute to Fermi unidentified sources and/or γ-ray background radiation. We argue that γ-ray pulsars observed with a smaller viewing angle (ζ≪ 90°) will appear as low-efficiency γ-ray pulsars. For example, the unique radiation properties of the low-efficiency γ-ray pulsar PSRJ0659+1414 can be explained by our present gap model with a viewing geometry of α~ζ= 40°-50°. © 2011 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2011 RAS. | ||||
Persistent Identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/135364 | ||||
ISSN | 2023 Impact Factor: 4.7 2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.621 | ||||
ISI Accession Number ID |
Funding Information: We thank A.H. Kong, C.Y. Hui, B. Rudak, Lupin-C.C. Lin, M. Ruderman, R.E. Taam and S. Shibata for useful discussions. We express our appreciation to an anonymous referee for useful comments. We also thank the Theoretical Institute for Advanced Research in Astrophysics (TIARA) operated under the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Taiwan, which enabled one author (JT) to use the PC cluster at TIARA. KSC is supported by a 2011 GRF grant of the Hong Kong SAR Government entitled 'Gamma-ray Pulsars'. | ||||
References |
DC Field | Value | Language |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.author | Takata, J | en_HK |
dc.contributor.author | Wang, Y | en_HK |
dc.contributor.author | Cheng, KS | en_HK |
dc.date.accessioned | 2011-07-27T01:34:11Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2011-07-27T01:34:11Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2011 | en_HK |
dc.identifier.citation | Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society, 2011, v. 415 n. 2, p. 1827-1848 | en_HK |
dc.identifier.issn | 0035-8711 | en_HK |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/135364 | - |
dc.description.abstract | We have performed a Monte Carlo simulation of the Galactic population of pulsars and γ-ray observations. We apply a two-layer outer-gap model, which has been developed by Wang, Takata & Cheng, of the γ-ray emission process, and study the radiation characteristics as a function of the magnetic inclination angle (α) and the Earth viewing angle (ζ). In our model, the γ-ray flux and the spectral cut-off energy tend to decrease as the inclination and viewing angles deviate from 90°. The emerging spectrum above 100MeV becomes soft with a photon index p~ 1.8-2 for ζ→ 90○ and p~ 1.2-1.3 for ζ≪ 90°. Our simulation predicts that pulsars with larger inclination angles (α= 70-90°) and larger viewing angles (ζ= 70-90°) have been preferentially detected by the Fermiγ-ray telescope, and hence the observed pulse profiles of the γ-ray pulsars have a double-peak structure rather than a single-peak one. In the simulation, most γ-ray millisecond pulsars are categorized as radio-quiet γ-ray pulsars, because their radio fluxes are under the sensitivities of the major radio surveys. Even if we drastically increase the radio sensitivity by a factor of 10, the number of radio-selected millisecond pulsars detected by Fermi 10-year observations is still much lower than the expected number of γ-ray-selected millisecond pulsars, indicating that radio-quiet millisecond pulsars must contribute to Fermi unidentified sources and/or γ-ray background radiation. We argue that γ-ray pulsars observed with a smaller viewing angle (ζ≪ 90°) will appear as low-efficiency γ-ray pulsars. For example, the unique radiation properties of the low-efficiency γ-ray pulsar PSRJ0659+1414 can be explained by our present gap model with a viewing geometry of α~ζ= 40°-50°. © 2011 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2011 RAS. | en_HK |
dc.language | eng | en_US |
dc.publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/mnras/ | - |
dc.relation.ispartof | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | en_HK |
dc.rights | © 2011 The Authors. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2011 RAS. The definitive version is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18832.x | - |
dc.subject | Gamma-rays: stars | en_HK |
dc.subject | Methods: statistical | en_HK |
dc.subject | Pulsars: general | en_HK |
dc.subject | Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal | en_HK |
dc.subject | Stars: neutron | en_HK |
dc.title | Population study for γ-ray pulsars with the outer-gap model - III. Radiation characteristics and viewing geometry | en_HK |
dc.type | Article | en_HK |
dc.identifier.email | Takata, J: takata@hku.hk | en_HK |
dc.identifier.email | Cheng, KS: hrspksc@hkucc.hku.hk | en_HK |
dc.identifier.authority | Takata, J=rp00786 | en_HK |
dc.identifier.authority | Cheng, KS=rp00675 | en_HK |
dc.description.nature | published_or_final_version | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18832.x | en_HK |
dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-79960593598 | en_HK |
dc.identifier.hkuros | 186460 | en_US |
dc.relation.references | http://www.scopus.com/mlt/select.url?eid=2-s2.0-79960593598&selection=ref&src=s&origin=recordpage | en_HK |
dc.identifier.volume | 415 | en_HK |
dc.identifier.issue | 2 | en_HK |
dc.identifier.spage | 1827 | en_HK |
dc.identifier.epage | 1848 | en_HK |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1365-2966 | - |
dc.identifier.isi | WOS:000293756300066 | - |
dc.publisher.place | United Kingdom | en_HK |
dc.identifier.scopusauthorid | Takata, J=22735157300 | en_HK |
dc.identifier.scopusauthorid | Wang, Y=36085420300 | en_HK |
dc.identifier.scopusauthorid | Cheng, KS=9745798500 | en_HK |
dc.identifier.citeulike | 9599629 | - |
dc.identifier.issnl | 0035-8711 | - |