Article: Epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in a boarding school: Serological analysis of 1570 cases
| Title | Epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in a boarding school: Serological analysis of 1570 cases | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Li, T1 Liu, Y1 Di, B1 Wang, M1 Shen, J1 Zhang, Y1 Chen, X1 Yuan, J1 Wu, J1 Li, K1 Lu, E1 Wu, Y1 Hao, A1 Chen, X1 Wang, Y1 Liu, J1 Pickerill, S3 Zheng, B2 | ||||
| Keywords | 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Outbreak Serological analysis | ||||
| Issue Date | 2011 | ||||
| Publisher | Elsevier BV. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jcv | ||||
| Citation | Journal Of Clinical Virology, 2011, v. 50 n. 3, p. 235-239 [How to Cite?] DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2010.11.012 | ||||
| Abstract | Background: A large number of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infections were localized in school populations. Objectives: To describe the epidemiology, clinical features and risk factors associated with an outbreak that occurred at a vocational boarding school in Guangzhou, P.R. China. Study design: Data were collected prospectively and retrospectively through the use of on-site doctors and a post-outbreak survey and blood collection. The survey was used to confirm symptoms, and to investigate a series of flu-related factors such as dormitory conditions, health habits, vaccine history and population contact history. Blood samples were taken for serological analysis. Pandemic H1N1 infection was initially confirmed by a real-time RT-PCR assay. Following the identification of the outbreak by the Guangzhou CDC on September 4, cases were diagnosed symptomatically and retrospectively by serological analysis using the hemagglutination inhibition assay and a neutralization assay. Results: The infection rate was 32% (505/1570) and the attack rate was 22.2% (349/1570). The asymptomatic infection rate was 9.9% (156/1570). Sharing a classroom (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.62-2.91) and dormitory space (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.84-2.93) was associated with higher rates of infection. Opening windows for ventilation was the only control measure that significantly protected against infection. Conclusion: Social isolation and quarantine should be used to prevent the spread of infection. Ventilation and a control of air flow between classrooms and dorms should be implemented as possible. School closures may be effective if implemented early. © 2010. | ||||
| ISSN | 1386-6532 2011 Impact Factor: 3.969 2011 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.364 | ||||
| DOI | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2010.11.012 | ||||
| ISI Accession Number ID | WOS:000287229500012
Funding Information: Work supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (grants # 2009ZX10004-306 and 2009ZX10004-213). | ||||
| References | References in Scopus |
| dc.contributor.author | Li, T | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.author | Liu, Y | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Di, B | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wang, M | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Shen, J | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zhang, Y | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Chen, X | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Yuan, J | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wu, J | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Li, K | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Lu, E | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wu, Y | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Hao, A | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Chen, X | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wang, Y | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Liu, J | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Pickerill, S | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zheng, B | ||||
| dc.date.accessioned | 2011-07-27T01:31:15Z | ||||
| dc.date.available | 2011-07-27T01:31:15Z | ||||
| dc.date.issued | 2011 | ||||
| dc.description.abstract | Background: A large number of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infections were localized in school populations. Objectives: To describe the epidemiology, clinical features and risk factors associated with an outbreak that occurred at a vocational boarding school in Guangzhou, P.R. China. Study design: Data were collected prospectively and retrospectively through the use of on-site doctors and a post-outbreak survey and blood collection. The survey was used to confirm symptoms, and to investigate a series of flu-related factors such as dormitory conditions, health habits, vaccine history and population contact history. Blood samples were taken for serological analysis. Pandemic H1N1 infection was initially confirmed by a real-time RT-PCR assay. Following the identification of the outbreak by the Guangzhou CDC on September 4, cases were diagnosed symptomatically and retrospectively by serological analysis using the hemagglutination inhibition assay and a neutralization assay. Results: The infection rate was 32% (505/1570) and the attack rate was 22.2% (349/1570). The asymptomatic infection rate was 9.9% (156/1570). Sharing a classroom (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.62-2.91) and dormitory space (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.84-2.93) was associated with higher rates of infection. Opening windows for ventilation was the only control measure that significantly protected against infection. Conclusion: Social isolation and quarantine should be used to prevent the spread of infection. Ventilation and a control of air flow between classrooms and dorms should be implemented as possible. School closures may be effective if implemented early. © 2010. | ||||
| dc.description.nature | Link_to_subscribed_fulltext | ||||
| dc.identifier.citation | Journal Of Clinical Virology, 2011, v. 50 n. 3, p. 235-239 [How to Cite?] DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2010.11.012 | ||||
| dc.identifier.citeulike | 8676938 | ||||
| dc.identifier.doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2010.11.012 | ||||
| dc.identifier.epage | 239 | ||||
| dc.identifier.hkuros | 188641 | ||||
| dc.identifier.isi | WOS:000287229500012
Funding Information: Work supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (grants # 2009ZX10004-306 and 2009ZX10004-213). | ||||
| dc.identifier.issn | 1386-6532 2011 Impact Factor: 3.969 2011 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.364 | ||||
| dc.identifier.issue | 3 | ||||
| dc.identifier.pmid | 21195022 | ||||
| dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-79851513639 | ||||
| dc.identifier.spage | 235 | ||||
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/135282 | ||||
| dc.identifier.volume | 50 | ||||
| dc.language | eng | ||||
| dc.publisher | Elsevier BV. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jcv | ||||
| dc.publisher.place | Netherlands | ||||
| dc.relation.ispartof | Journal of Clinical Virology | ||||
| dc.relation.references | References in Scopus | ||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Antibodies, Viral - blood | ||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Disease Outbreaks | ||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests | ||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - immunology - isolation and purification | ||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Influenza, Human - epidemiology - pathology - virology | ||||
| dc.subject | 2009 pandemic H1N1 | ||||
| dc.subject | Influenza | ||||
| dc.subject | Outbreak | ||||
| dc.subject | Serological analysis | ||||
| dc.title | Epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in a boarding school: Serological analysis of 1570 cases | ||||
| dc.type | Article |
Author Affiliations
- Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- The University of Hong Kong
- Ustar Biotechnology, Ltd.