Article: Copper stabilization via spinel formation during the sintering of simulated copper-laden sludge with aluminum-rich ceramic precursors
| Title | Copper stabilization via spinel formation during the sintering of simulated copper-laden sludge with aluminum-rich ceramic precursors | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Tang, Y1 Chui, SSY1 Shih, K1 Zhang, L1 | ||||
| Issue Date | 2011 | ||||
| Publisher | American Chemical Society. The Journal's web site is located at http://pubs.acs.org/est | ||||
| Citation | Environmental Science And Technology, 2011, v. 45 n. 8, p. 3598-3604 [How to Cite?] DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es103596k | ||||
| Abstract | The feasibility of incorporating copper-laden sludge into low-cost ceramic products, such as construction ceramics, was investigated by sintering simulated copper-laden sludge with four aluminum-rich ceramic precursors. The results indicated that all of these precursors (γ-Al2O3, corundum, kaolinite, mullite) could crystallochemically stabilize the hazardous copper in the more durable copper aluminate spinel (CuAl2O 4) structure. To simulate the process of copper transformation into a spinel structure, CuO was mixed with the four aluminum-rich precursors, and fired at 650-1150 °C for 3 h. The products were examined using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopic techniques. The efficiency of copper transformation among crystalline phases was quantitatively determined through Rietveld refinement analysis of the XRD data. The sintering experiment revealed that the optimal sintering temperature for CuAl2O 4 formation was around 1000 °C and that the efficiency of copper incorporation into the crystalline CuAl2O4 structure after 3 h of sintering ranged from 40 to 95%, depending on the type of aluminum precursor used. Prolonged leaching tests were carried out by using acetic acid with an initial pH value of 2.9 to leach CuO and CuAl2O4 samples for 22 d. The sample leachability analysis revealed that the CuAl 2O4 spinel structure was more superior to stabilize copper, and suggested a promising and reliable technique for incorporating copper-laden sludge or its incineration ash into usable ceramic products. Such results also demonstrated the potential of a waste-to-resource strategy by using waste materials as part of the raw materials with the attainable temperature range used in the production of ceramics. © 2011 American Chemical Society. | ||||
| Description | Erratum in Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Sep 1;45(17):7609-7610. | ||||
| ISSN | 0013-936X 2011 Impact Factor: 5.228 2011 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.305 | ||||
| DOI | http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es103596k | ||||
| ISI Accession Number ID | WOS:000289341300058
Funding Information: This work was financially supported by the General Research Fund Scheme of the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (HKU 716809E). We thank Professor Chi-Ming Che at HKU for the use of XRD at the HKU-CAS joint laboratory. The contribution of HiQ-7223 alumina by the Alcoa Corporation is gratefully acknowledged. | ||||
| References | References in Scopus | ||||
| Grants | Sorption of Perfluorochemicals on Sediments and Sludge of Hong Kong |
| dc.contributor.author | Tang, Y | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.author | Chui, SSY | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Shih, K | ||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zhang, L | ||||
| dc.date.accessioned | 2011-07-27T01:26:21Z | ||||
| dc.date.available | 2011-07-27T01:26:21Z | ||||
| dc.date.issued | 2011 | ||||
| dc.description.abstract | The feasibility of incorporating copper-laden sludge into low-cost ceramic products, such as construction ceramics, was investigated by sintering simulated copper-laden sludge with four aluminum-rich ceramic precursors. The results indicated that all of these precursors (γ-Al2O3, corundum, kaolinite, mullite) could crystallochemically stabilize the hazardous copper in the more durable copper aluminate spinel (CuAl2O 4) structure. To simulate the process of copper transformation into a spinel structure, CuO was mixed with the four aluminum-rich precursors, and fired at 650-1150 °C for 3 h. The products were examined using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopic techniques. The efficiency of copper transformation among crystalline phases was quantitatively determined through Rietveld refinement analysis of the XRD data. The sintering experiment revealed that the optimal sintering temperature for CuAl2O 4 formation was around 1000 °C and that the efficiency of copper incorporation into the crystalline CuAl2O4 structure after 3 h of sintering ranged from 40 to 95%, depending on the type of aluminum precursor used. Prolonged leaching tests were carried out by using acetic acid with an initial pH value of 2.9 to leach CuO and CuAl2O4 samples for 22 d. The sample leachability analysis revealed that the CuAl 2O4 spinel structure was more superior to stabilize copper, and suggested a promising and reliable technique for incorporating copper-laden sludge or its incineration ash into usable ceramic products. Such results also demonstrated the potential of a waste-to-resource strategy by using waste materials as part of the raw materials with the attainable temperature range used in the production of ceramics. © 2011 American Chemical Society. | ||||
| dc.description.grant | Sorption of Perfluorochemicals on Sediments and Sludge of Hong Kong | ||||
| dc.description.grantcode | 100568 | ||||
| dc.description.nature | Link_to_subscribed_fulltext | ||||
| dc.description | Erratum in Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Sep 1;45(17):7609-7610. | ||||
| dc.identifier.citation | Environmental Science And Technology, 2011, v. 45 n. 8, p. 3598-3604 [How to Cite?] DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es103596k | ||||
| dc.identifier.doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es103596k | ||||
| dc.identifier.epage | 3604 | ||||
| dc.identifier.hkuros | 186429 | ||||
| dc.identifier.isi | WOS:000289341300058
Funding Information: This work was financially supported by the General Research Fund Scheme of the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (HKU 716809E). We thank Professor Chi-Ming Che at HKU for the use of XRD at the HKU-CAS joint laboratory. The contribution of HiQ-7223 alumina by the Alcoa Corporation is gratefully acknowledged. | ||||
| dc.identifier.issn | 0013-936X 2011 Impact Factor: 5.228 2011 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.305 | ||||
| dc.identifier.issue | 8 | ||||
| dc.identifier.pmid | 21428386 | ||||
| dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-79954542144 | ||||
| dc.identifier.spage | 3598 | ||||
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/135032 | ||||
| dc.identifier.volume | 45 | ||||
| dc.language | eng | ||||
| dc.publisher | American Chemical Society. The Journal's web site is located at http://pubs.acs.org/est | ||||
| dc.publisher.place | United States | ||||
| dc.relation.ispartof | Environmental Science and Technology | ||||
| dc.relation.references | References in Scopus | ||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Aluminum - chemistry | ||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Ceramics - chemistry | ||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Copper - chemistry | ||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Environmental Pollutants - chemistry | ||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Waste Management - methods | ||||
| dc.title | Copper stabilization via spinel formation during the sintering of simulated copper-laden sludge with aluminum-rich ceramic precursors | ||||
| dc.type | Article |
Author Affiliations
- The University of Hong Kong