Article: Delayed clearance of viral load and marked cytokine activation in severe cases of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection
| Title | Delayed clearance of viral load and marked cytokine activation in severe cases of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | To, KKW Hung, IFN Li, IWS Lee, KL Koo, CK Yan, WW Liu, R Ho, KY Chu, KH Watt, CL Luk, WK Lai, KY Chow, FL Mok, T Buckley, T Chan, JFW Wong, SSY Zheng, B Chen, H Lau, CCY Tse, H Cheng, VCC Chan, KH Yuen, KY | ||||||||||
| Issue Date | 2010 | ||||||||||
| Publisher | Oxford University Press. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/cid/ | ||||||||||
| Citation | Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2010, v. 50 n. 6, p. 850-859 [How to Cite?] DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/650581 | ||||||||||
| Abstract | Background: Infections caused by the pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus range from mild upper respiratory tract syndromes to fatal diseases. However, studies comparing virological and immunological profile of different clinical severity are lacking. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 74 patients with pandemic H1N1 infection, including 23 patients who either developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or died (ARDS-death group), 14 patients with desaturation requiring oxygen supplementation and who survived without ARDS (survived-withoutARDS group), and 37 patients with mild disease without desaturation (mild-disease group). We compared their pattern of clinical disease, viral load, and immunological profile. Results: Patients with severe disease were older, more likely to be obese or having underlying diseases, and had lower respiratory tract symptoms, especially dyspnea at presentation. The ARDS-death group had a slower decline in nasopharyngeal viral loads, had higher plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and were more likely to have bacterial coinfections (30.4%), myocarditis (21.7%), or viremia (13.0%) than patients in the survived-without-ARDS or the mild-disease groups. Reactive hemophagocytosis, thrombotic phenomena, lymphoid atrophy, diffuse alveolar damage, and multiorgan dysfunction similar to fatal avian influenza A H5N1 infection were found at postmortem examinations. Conclusions: The slower control of viral load and immunodysregulation in severe cases mandate the search for more effective antiviral and immunomodulatory regimens to stop the excessive cytokine activation resulting in ARDS and death. © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. | ||||||||||
| ISSN | 1058-4838 2011 Impact Factor: 9.154 2011 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.821 | ||||||||||
| DOI | http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/650581 | ||||||||||
| ISI Accession Number ID | WOS:000274656000009
Funding Information: The Providence Foundation Limited in memory of the late Dr Lui Hac Minh, the University Grant Council, and the Research Fund for the Control of Infectious Diseases (RFCID) of the Food and Health Bureau of the Hong Kong SAR Government. | ||||||||||
| References | References in Scopus |
| dc.contributor.author | To, KKW | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.author | Hung, IFN | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Li, IWS | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Lee, KL | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Koo, CK | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Yan, WW | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Liu, R | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Ho, KY | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Chu, KH | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Watt, CL | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Luk, WK | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Lai, KY | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Chow, FL | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Mok, T | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Buckley, T | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Chan, JFW | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wong, SSY | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zheng, B | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Chen, H | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Lau, CCY | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Tse, H | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Cheng, VCC | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Chan, KH | ||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Yuen, KY | ||||||||||
| dc.date.accessioned | 2010-10-31T11:09:59Z | ||||||||||
| dc.date.available | 2010-10-31T11:09:59Z | ||||||||||
| dc.date.issued | 2010 | ||||||||||
| dc.description.abstract | Background: Infections caused by the pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus range from mild upper respiratory tract syndromes to fatal diseases. However, studies comparing virological and immunological profile of different clinical severity are lacking. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 74 patients with pandemic H1N1 infection, including 23 patients who either developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or died (ARDS-death group), 14 patients with desaturation requiring oxygen supplementation and who survived without ARDS (survived-withoutARDS group), and 37 patients with mild disease without desaturation (mild-disease group). We compared their pattern of clinical disease, viral load, and immunological profile. Results: Patients with severe disease were older, more likely to be obese or having underlying diseases, and had lower respiratory tract symptoms, especially dyspnea at presentation. The ARDS-death group had a slower decline in nasopharyngeal viral loads, had higher plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and were more likely to have bacterial coinfections (30.4%), myocarditis (21.7%), or viremia (13.0%) than patients in the survived-without-ARDS or the mild-disease groups. Reactive hemophagocytosis, thrombotic phenomena, lymphoid atrophy, diffuse alveolar damage, and multiorgan dysfunction similar to fatal avian influenza A H5N1 infection were found at postmortem examinations. Conclusions: The slower control of viral load and immunodysregulation in severe cases mandate the search for more effective antiviral and immunomodulatory regimens to stop the excessive cytokine activation resulting in ARDS and death. © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. | ||||||||||
| dc.description.nature | published_or_final_version | ||||||||||
| dc.identifier.citation | Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2010, v. 50 n. 6, p. 850-859 [How to Cite?] DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/650581 | ||||||||||
| dc.identifier.citeulike | 6649981 | ||||||||||
| dc.identifier.doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/650581 | ||||||||||
| dc.identifier.epage | 859 | ||||||||||
| dc.identifier.hkuros | 173891 | ||||||||||
| dc.identifier.isi | WOS:000274656000009
Funding Information: The Providence Foundation Limited in memory of the late Dr Lui Hac Minh, the University Grant Council, and the Research Fund for the Control of Infectious Diseases (RFCID) of the Food and Health Bureau of the Hong Kong SAR Government. | ||||||||||
| dc.identifier.issn | 1058-4838 2011 Impact Factor: 9.154 2011 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.821 | ||||||||||
| dc.identifier.issue | 6 | ||||||||||
| dc.identifier.openurl | ![]() | ||||||||||
| dc.identifier.pmid | 20136415 | ||||||||||
| dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-77749282915 | ||||||||||
| dc.identifier.spage | 850 | ||||||||||
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/125075 | ||||||||||
| dc.identifier.volume | 50 | ||||||||||
| dc.language | eng | ||||||||||
| dc.publisher | Oxford University Press. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/cid/ | ||||||||||
| dc.publisher.place | United States | ||||||||||
| dc.relation.ispartof | Clinical Infectious Diseases | ||||||||||
| dc.relation.references | References in Scopus | ||||||||||
| dc.rights | Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License | ||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Cohort Studies | ||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Cytokines - blood | ||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - isolation and purification | ||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Influenza, Human - immunology - pathology - virology | ||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Viral Load | ||||||||||
| dc.title | Delayed clearance of viral load and marked cytokine activation in severe cases of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection | ||||||||||
| dc.type | Article |
Author Affiliations
- Kwong Wah Hospital
- Tseung Kwan O Hospital
- Yan Chai Hospital - Hong Kong
- Tuen Mun Hospital
- The University of Hong Kong
- Princess Margaret Hospital Hong Kong
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong
- Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital
- United Christian Hospital Hong Kong
- Ruttonjee Hospital and Tang Shiu Kin Hospitals
- Kowloon Hospital
- Caritas Medical Centre Hong Kong


