A Cluster Analysis of ‘Zero Carbon Buildings

Abstract

The 'zero carbon building approach has been promoted in many countries and regions to address anthropogenic climate change. As a result, many 'zero carbon buildings' have emerged worldwide, with more in the pipeline. Cross-context learning of the practices is thus important, but is severely constrained, with a perceived knowledge gap particularly on achieving zero carbon for high-rise buildings. The aim of this paper is to reveal the dusters of 'zero carbon buildings' reported worldwide, in order to elaborate on the perceived knowledge gap, and to support efficient cross-context learning. The examination was carried out through a two-step duster analysis of 404 reported 'zero carbon buildings' identified through an onerous search process. The 'zero carbon building' clusters were revealed using a number of variables including building ownership, climatic zone, building type, location, and number of storeys. Five clusters of 'zero carbon buildings' were revealed, indicating the dominance of low-rise new-build residential buildings in temperate zones. The significant paucity of high-rise cases is clearly identified. The findings should help with understanding the complex profiles of 'zero carbon buildings', and support cross-context learning of the practices.