Embolisation Agents. What, When and How?

Abstract

KEY LEARNING OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of embolisation agents. To be aware of the different types of embolisation agents, their different properties, safety profi le and specifi c clinical use. To demonstrate in a step-wise algorithm how to choose between different agents depending on clinical situation, size of vessel and degree of reversibility of occlusion required. DESCRIPTION: Since the development of fi rst embolisation agent in 1972, the number has increased markedly and there are now various different types of agents available. The techniques have also become increasingly complex. Historical aspects of embolisation material will be discussed as well as brief descriptions of each embolisation agent available in routine use today. The various types of agents will also be listed in tabulated form. This will be followed by a discussion and decision algorithm for their various uses depending on size of vessel, clinical situation, and whether their use is intended to be permanent or temporary. Choice of embolisation material is also determined by other factors such as position of microcatheter in relation to the bleeding point, collateral circulation, underlying disease aetiology and costs. All of these factors will be discussed. CONCLUSION: With the various embolisation agents available today, choosing a correct embolisation material may be a daunting task. Armed with knowledge from this exhibit and the use of stepwise systematic approach as illustrated by an algorithm, this task should be considerably simpler.