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http://hdl.handle.net/10722/38610
2024-03-28T09:35:03ZEosinophilic Disorders and Systemic Mastocytosis
http://hdl.handle.net/10722/342060
Title: Eosinophilic Disorders and Systemic Mastocytosis
Authors: Gill, Harinder; Yung, Yammy; Chu, Cherry; Yip, Amber
Abstract: <p>Eosinophilic disorders are a group of rare and highly heterogenous diseases distinguished by increased eosinophil counts and may be associated with end-organ damage. In this chapter, the diagnostic algorithm and management of eosinophilic disorders are discussed.<br></p>2023-09-28T00:00:00ZThe Predictive Value of Gut Microbiota Composition for Sustained Immunogenicity following Two Doses of CoronaVac
http://hdl.handle.net/10722/342046
Title: The Predictive Value of Gut Microbiota Composition for Sustained Immunogenicity following Two Doses of CoronaVac
Authors: Ng, Ho-Yu; Liao, Yunshi; Zhang, Ruiqi; Chan, Kwok-Hung; To, Wai-Pan; Hui, Chun-Him; Seto, Wai Kay; Leung, Wai K; Hung, Fan Ngai; Lam, Tommy T Y; Cheung, Ka Shing
Abstract: <p>CoronaVac immunogenicity decreases with time, and we aimed to investigate whether gut microbiota associate with longer-term immunogenicity of CoronaVac. This was a prospective cohort study recruiting two-dose CoronaVac recipients from three centres in Hong Kong. We collected blood samples at baseline and day 180 after the first dose and used chemiluminescence immunoassay to test for neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing performed on baseline stool samples. The primary outcome was the NAb seroconversion rate (seropositivity defined as NAb ≥ 15AU/mL) at day 180. Linear discriminant analysis [LDA] effect size analysis was used to identify putative bacterial species and metabolic pathways. A univariate logistic regression model was used to derive the odds ratio (OR) of seropositivity with bacterial species. Of 119 CoronaVac recipients (median age: 53.4 years [IQR: 47.8-61.3]; male: 39 [32.8%]), only 8 (6.7%) remained seropositive at 6 months after vaccination. <em>Bacteroides uniformis</em> (log10LDA score = 4.39) and <em>Bacteroides eggerthii</em> (log10LDA score = 3.89) were significantly enriched in seropositive than seronegative participants. Seropositivity was associated with <em>B. eggerthii</em> (OR: 5.73; 95% CI: 1.32-29.55; <em>p</em> = 0.022) and <em>B. uniformis</em> with borderline significance (OR: 3.27; 95% CI: 0.73-14.72; <em>p</em> = 0.110). Additionally, <em>B. uniformis</em> was positively correlated with most enriched metabolic pathways in seropositive vaccinees, including the superpathway of adenosine nucleotide de novo biosynthesis I (log10LDA score = 2.88) and II (log10LDA score = 2.91), as well as pathways related to vitamin B biosynthesis, all of which are known to promote immune functions. In conclusion, certain gut bacterial species (<em>B. eggerthii</em> and <em>B. uniformis</em>) and metabolic pathways were associated with longer-term CoronaVac immunogenicity.<br></p>2024-02-23T00:00:00ZMortality in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with tenofovir or entecavir: A multinational study
http://hdl.handle.net/10722/342035
Title: Mortality in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with tenofovir or entecavir: A multinational study
Authors: Jang, TY; Liang, PC; Jun, DW; Jung, JH; Toyoda, H; Wang, CW; Yuen, MF; Cheung, KS; Yasuda, S; Kim, SE; Yoon, EL; An, JHY; Enomoto, M; Kozuka, R; Chuma, M; Nozaki, A; Ishikawa, T; Watanabe, T; Atsukawa, M; Arai, T; Hayama, K; Ishigami, M; Cho, YK; Ogawa, E; Kim, HS; Shim, JJ; Uojima, H; Jeong, SW; Ahn, SB; Takaguchi, K; Senoh, T; Buti, M; Elena, VAI; Abe, H; Takahashi, H; Inoue, K; Yeh, ML; Dai, CY; Huang, JF; Huang, CF; Chuang, WL; Nguyen, MH; Yu, ML
Abstract: <p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The benefits of entecavir (ETV) versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in reducing the development of chronic hepatitis B (CHB)-related hepatocellular carcinoma remain controversial. Whether mortality rates differ between patients with CHB treated with ETV and those treated with TDF is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 2542 patients with CHB treated with either ETV or TDF were recruited from a multinational cohort. A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to balance the differences in baseline characteristics between the two patient groups. We aimed to compare the all-cause, liver-related, and non-liver-related mortality between patients receiving ETV and those receiving TDF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The annual incidence of all-cause mortality in the entire cohort was 1.0/100 person-years (follow-up, 15 757.5 person-years). Patients who received TDF were younger and had a higher body mass index, platelet count, hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid levels, and proportion of hepatitis B e-antigen seropositivity than those who received ETV. The factors associated with all-cause mortality were fibrosis-4 index > 6.5 (hazard ratio [HR]/confidence interval [CI]: 3.13/2.15-4.54, P < 0.001), age per year increase (HR/CI: 1.05/1.04-1.07, P < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase level per U/L increase (HR/CI: 0.997/0.996-0.999, P = 0.003), and γ-glutamyl transferase level per U/L increase (HR/CI: 1.002/1.001-1.003, P < 0.001). No significant difference in all-cause mortality was observed between the ETV and TDF groups (log-rank test, P = 0.69). After propensity score matching, no significant differences in all-cause, liver-related, or non-liver-related mortality were observed between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long-term outcomes of all-cause mortality and liver-related and non-liver-related mortality did not differ between patients treated with ETV and those receiving TDF.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>ETV; NA; TDF; antigen; antiviral; cohort; fibrosis; hepatocellular carcinoma; liver; prognosis.</p>2024-03-13T00:00:00ZManagement of Intestinal-Type Gastric Cancer
http://hdl.handle.net/10722/342029
Title: Management of Intestinal-Type Gastric Cancer
Authors: Cheung, KS; Chan, AOO; Wong, BCY2024-02-01T00:00:00Z